Malta is a small island nation located in the Mediterranean Sea, south of Sicily, Italy, and east of Tunisia, North Africa. It consists of three inhabited islands: Malta, Gozo, and Comino, as well as several smaller uninhabited islands. Its strategic location has made it a crossroads of civilizations throughout history.
Geography
Climate
Malta enjoys a Mediterranean climate characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. Summers are typically long and sunny, with temperatures often exceeding 30°C (86°F), while winters are mild, with temperatures rarely dropping below 10°C (50°F). The islands receive most of their rainfall between October and February.
Fauna
Despite its small size, Malta boasts a diverse range of flora and fauna. The islands are home to various species of birds, including migratory birds that pass through during spring and autumn. The surrounding waters are teeming with marine life, making Malta a popular destination for diving and snorkeling enthusiasts.
Longest Rivers
Malta is characterized by a lack of rivers and natural freshwater sources. Due to its limestone geology, rainwater quickly percolates through the porous rock, leaving the islands devoid of permanent surface rivers. Instead, Malta relies on groundwater and desalination plants for its water supply.
Highest Mountains
The terrain of Malta is relatively flat, with no significant mountain ranges. The highest point on the main island of Malta is Ta’ Dmejrek, reaching an elevation of just 253 meters (830 feet) above sea level. Despite its lack of towering peaks, Malta’s coastline is rugged and scenic, with steep cliffs and rocky outcrops.
History
Prehistory
Malta has a rich archaeological heritage dating back over 7,000 years. The islands are home to some of the world’s oldest freestanding structures, including the UNESCO-listed Megalithic Temples, which predate Stonehenge and the Egyptian pyramids. These temples provide evidence of Malta’s early inhabitants and their advanced architectural skills.
Ancient Civilizations
Throughout antiquity, Malta was inhabited by various civilizations, including the Phoenicians, Greeks, and Romans. The islands served as a strategic maritime hub for trade and military conquests in the Mediterranean. The Roman period saw Malta flourish as a prosperous Roman province, with extensive infrastructure and urban development.
Medieval Period
In the Middle Ages, Malta came under Arab rule, followed by the Norman conquest in the 11th century. The islands became part of the Kingdom of Sicily and later the Kingdom of Aragon. During this time, Malta was ruled by various feudal lords and religious orders, including the Knights Hospitaller, who established the renowned medieval city of Mdina.
Ottoman Rule and the Knights of Malta
In the 16th century, Malta fell under Ottoman siege but successfully repelled the invaders, earning the admiration of Europe. The Knights Hospitaller, later known as the Knights of Malta, played a crucial role in defending the islands and became synonymous with Malta’s identity. The Great Siege of Malta in 1565 remains a defining moment in Maltese history.
British Rule and Independence
In the 19th century, Malta became a British colony, serving as a strategic naval base in the Mediterranean. British rule brought modernization and economic development to the islands, but also sparked nationalist movements calling for self-determination. Malta gained independence from Britain in 1964 and became a republic in 1974.
Modern Age
Since gaining independence, Malta has evolved into a thriving democracy and member of the European Union. The country has diversified its economy, with tourism, financial services, and technology sectors driving growth. Malta’s strategic location, rich history, and vibrant culture continue to attract visitors from around the world.
Demographics
Malta has a population of approximately 500,000 people, making it one of the most densely populated countries in the world. The majority of the population is of Maltese descent, with a significant expatriate community from Europe and beyond. The official languages are Maltese and English, reflecting Malta’s historical ties to both Europe and the Mediterranean.
Administrative Divisions
Malta is divided into five regions, each comprising several local councils responsible for local governance and administration. The regions and their populations include:
- Northern Region – Population: 165,000
- Southern Region – Population: 185,000
- Central Region – Population: 205,000
- Gozo and Comino Region – Population: 40,000
- Western Region – Population: 105,000
10 Largest Cities by Population
- Birkirkara – Population: 25,000
- Mosta – Population: 20,000
- Qormi – Population: 17,000
- Zabbar – Population: 15,000
- Sliema – Population: 14,000
- San Pawl il-Bahar (St. Paul’s Bay) – Population: 13,000
- Valletta – Population: 7,000
- Zebbug – Population: 7,000
- Rabat – Population: 6,000
- Naxxar – Population: 5,000
Education Systems
Education in Malta is free and compulsory for children between the ages of 5 and 16. The country has a well-developed education system, with both public and private schools offering primary and secondary education. Malta also has several institutions of higher education, including the University of Malta, which offers a wide range of undergraduate and postgraduate programs.
Transportation
Airports
Malta International Airport is the main gateway to the country, serving both domestic and international flights. It is located near the town of Luqa and handles millions of passengers each year. The airport offers connections to major cities across Europe, Africa, and the Middle East.
Ports
Malta has several ports, with the Port of Valletta being the largest and busiest. It serves as a major hub for maritime trade, cruise tourism, and ferry services to neighboring countries. Other ports include the Port of Marsaxlokk and the Freeport of Birżebbuġa.
Roadways
Malta has a well-developed road network, consisting of paved highways and roads that connect towns and villages across the islands. The road system is relatively compact, making it easy to travel between destinations by car or public transportation.
Public Transport
Public transportation in Malta is primarily provided by buses operated by the Malta Public Transport service. The bus network covers most of the islands and offers an affordable and convenient way to get around. Additionally, taxis and ride-sharing services are available for shorter journeys.
Country Facts
- Population: 500,000
- Capital: Valletta
- Language: Maltese, English
- Religion: Roman Catholicism (predominant)
- Currency: Euro (EUR)
- ISO Country Code: MT
- International Calling Code: +356
- Top-level Domain: .mt